Preface IX 1. Control Theory 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Control Basics 2 3. Control Modes: PID Controllers 3 4. Control Modes: Closed Loop Response 10 5. Expert Systems: Artificial Intelligence 12 6. Expert Systems: Neural Networks 17 7. Conclusion 20 References 21 MCQs 21 Answers 21 2. Controllers, Transmitters, Converters, and Relays 22 1. Introduction 22 2. Analog Versus Digital Instruments 23 3. Electronic Versus Pneumatic Instruments 24 4. Controllers: Electronic Analog and Digital 26 5. Controllers: Pneumatic 30 6. Converters 36 7. Function Generators, Computing Relays 37 8. Telemetering Systems 40 9. Transmitters: Electronic and Intelligent 44 10. Transmitters: Fiber-Optic Transmission 47 11. Conclusion 51 References 51 MCQs 52 Answers 52 3. Control Centers, Panels, and Displays 53 1. Introduction 53 2. Annunciators and Alarms 54 3. Fire alarm control panel 55 4. Digital Readouts 64 5. Indicators, Analog Displays 66 6. Recorders, Oscillographs, Loggers, Tape Recorders 70 7. Speech Synthesis and Voice Recognition 73 8. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) and Uninterruptible Voltage Supplies (UVS) 77 9. Conclusion 82 References 83 MCQs 83 Answers 84 4. Control Valves, On-Off, and Throttling 85 1. Introduction 85 2. Actuators: Digital, Electric, Hydraulic, Solenoid 86 3. Actuators: Pneumatic 90 4. Accessories and Positioners 91 5. Ball Valves 95 6. Butterfly Valves 98 7. Conclusion 103 References 103 MCQs 104 Answers 104 5. Regulators and Other Throttling Devices 105 1. Introduction 105 2. Dampers 110 3. Electric Energy Modulation 112 4. Pumps as Control Elements 114 5. Regulators: Pressure 116 6. Variable-Speed Drives 122 7. Conclusion 129 References 130 MCQs 130 Answers 130 6. PLCs and Other Logic Devices 131 1. Introduction 131 2. PLC Basics 132 3. Fuzzy Logic Control 141 4. Ladder Diagrams 145 5. Relays 147 6. Conclusion 154 References 155 MCQs 155 Answers 156 7. DCS and Computer-Based Systems 157 1. Introduction 157 2. Computers: Algorithms, Languages, Programs 159 3. Computers: Analog, Hybrid, Simulation 162 4. Computers: Hierarchical Control 163 5. Computers: Memory 165 6. Computers: PCs in Process Control 166 7. DCS: Basic Packages 169 8. Conclusion 170 MCQs 171 Answers 172 8. Process Control Systems 173 1. Introduction 173 2. Airhandler and Building Conditioning Controls 174 3. Batch Processes and Their Automation 178 4. Blending and Ratio Controls 180 5. Centrifuge Controls 183 6. Clean-Room Control and Optimization 184 7. Conclusion 188 MCQs 188 Answers 189 9. Controllability and Stability 190 1. Introduction 190 2. Controllability in Control System 190 3. Stability 192 4. Compensator 196 5. Overview of Process Control 197 6. Types of Control Processes 200 7. Conclusion 204 MCQs 205 Answers 206 10. Complex Control Schemes 207 1. Introduction 207 2. Split Range Control 207 3. Cascade Control 212 4. Feedforward control 217 5. Common Control Loops and Model for Temperature Control 231 6. Conclusion 239 MCQs 240 Answers 241 Index 243 |