An antenna, or aerial, serves as the interface between electrical currents in conductors and radio waves traveling through space. It plays a vital role in radio communication systems by converting electrical energy into electromagnetic waves during transmission and reversing the process during reception. Radio waves, which travel at the speed of light, carry information efficiently with minimal loss. In a transmitting system, an oscillating radio-frequency current is supplied to the antenna, which then radiates this energy as electromagnetic waves. The efficiency of an antenna depends on how effectively it converts input power into radiated energy, with minimal loss due to heat.