ISBN 9789353272609
Author Pamila Cooke
Year 2019
Publisher J.Walter Publisher
Subject Engineering & Technology
Sub Subjects Leather Technology
Binding Hardcover
Cover Image Available
"Leather is one of the materials used earliest as clothing by humans to protect them from the cold and as shields when combating animals and fighting enemies. Nowadays, it still has wide application in the making of garments, gloves, shoes, wallets, suitcases, upholstery, sporting goods, book covers, pipe organs and much more. The measure of leather’s acidity or alkalinity tells you about the durability of your finished product. The pH value can also indicate the quality of the tanning or dyeing process used. There are two standard methods for testing the pH of leather. The tests can be done in a solution or on the material itself. During the processing of leather various chemical analyses have to be performed.
This book deals with the principle and methods employed for the analysis of water, curing and pretanning chemicals including spent liquors, vegetable tanning materials and extracts, chrome liquors and extracts, aluminum and zirconium tanning salts, PH measurements indicators and their uses in testing. Vegetable, mineral and combination tanned leathers for characteristics like degree of tannage, mineral oxide contents etc. Based on the production processes of leather, this book will discuss the chemical tests which allow identification of leather from its synthetic substitutes and analyses of tanning materials. Some tests of important leather properties, such as pH, fat, chrome and ash content will also be described. This book will discuss some important properties of leather such as resistance to chemical penetration, resistance to oil, cut resistance, water vapor permeability, and water absorption and leather stability (ageing). Regular physical tests, including tensile strength, shear strength, elongation, color fastness, which are similar to physical tests of textiles, have been described elsewhere.
Chapter 1 presents the chemistry and primitive methods for leather manufacturing. It discusses chemical examination and testing of leather for manufacturer. Chapter 2 deals with introductory sketch of leather manufacture. It also describes hand sketching of various basic designs of leather goods. Chapter 3 focuses on deliming, bating, puering and drenching. Chapter 4 discusses the process of putrefaction and fermentation. Chapter 5 describes antiseptics and disinfectants used to prevent bacteria penetrating into the leather. Chapter 6 discusses how to cure hides and skins. Chapter 7 highlights the structure and growth of skin. It also discusses composition, structure and physical properties of foetal calf skin. This book serves as a valuable reference guide for students and professionals as well."
Pamila Cooke is an Assistant Professor at University College, Veracruz. She procured her Master's Degree in Leather Technology from University of Science, Minas Gerais. She has diverse research interests and has contributed immensely in many research fields viz. leather testing, footwear manufacturing, use of polymers in shoe industry, tannery waste management. She has also numerous research papers and review articles to her credit. Cooke holds prominent memberships of international associations and has been an active participant at international conferences and forums.
| Preface IX Chapter 1 Leather: Chemistry and Primitive Methods 1 1.1 Primitive Methods of Leather Manufacture 2 1.2 Chemical Examination and Testing of Leather for Manufacturer 17 1.3 Chemistry Use in Tanning Methods 26 1.4 Leather Treatment Practise 31 Summary 43 Multiple Choice Questions 43 Review Questions 44 References 45 Chapter 2 Introductory Sketch of Leather Manufacture 47 2.1 Leather Manufacturing Process Technology with Flow Sheets 48 2.2 Hand Sketching of Various Basic Designs of Leather Goods 53 2.3 Sketch and Design Leather Patterns 63 Summary 87 Multiple Choice Questions 87 Review Questions 88 References 89 Chapter 3 Deliming, Bating, Puering and Drenching 91 3.1 Bating 92 3.2 The Puering and Bating Process 103 3.3 Leather Deliming Process 110 3.4 Drenching 114 Summary 127 Multiple Choice Questions 127 Review Questions 128 References 129 Chapter 4 Putrefaction and Fermentation 131 4.1 Putrefaction 133 4.2 Overview of Fermentation 147 4.3 Fermentation Definition and Examples 155 Summary 164 Multiple Choice questions 164 Review Questions 165 References 166 Chapter 5 Antiseptics and Disinfectants 167 5.1 Definitions of Antiseptics 168 5.2 Disinfecting shoes: A how-to for COVID-19 prevention 175 5.3 Cleaning and Disinfection 182 5.4 Disinfecting Leather Furniture 186 Summary 196 Multiple choice Questions 197 Review Questions 198 References 199 Chapter 6 Curing of Hides and Skins 201 6.1 Curing of Materials and Methods 202 6.2 The Development of Hide Curing Salt 209 6.3 Suede Garment Leathers from Rural Vegetable Sheep Crust Leathers 212 6.4 Short-term Preservation of Hides and Skins 220 6.5 Influence on Properties of Hide and of Processed Leather 221 Summary 223 Multiple Choice Questions 224 Review Questions 225 References 226 Chapter 7 Structure and Growth of Skin 227 7.1 Mammalian Skin 230 7.2 Composition, Structure and Physical Properties of Foetal Calf Skin 234 7.3 The Structure of Hair 242 7.4 Connective Tissue 250 Summary 258 Multiple Choice Questions 259 Review Questions 260 References 261 Index 263 |